作為一項(xiàng)快速發(fā)展的技術(shù)，快速成型技術(shù)被廣泛應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)的諸多領(lǐng)域，而該技術(shù)在家具生產(chǎn)中流行的成果就是3D打印家具。為了讓大家更好的了解快速成型的種類和原理，我們以家具模型的制作為例，看看它的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)，展望未來(lái)的家具制作。

As a rapidly developing advanced technology, rapid prototyping technology is widely used in many fields of production, and the popular result of this technology in furniture production is 3D printing furniture. In order to let you better understand the types and principles of rapid prototyping, we take the production of classical furniture model as an example to see its technical characteristics and look forward to the future furniture production.

快速成型技術(shù)又稱快速成型技術(shù)，誕生于1980年代后期，多年來(lái)被認(rèn)為是制造領(lǐng)域的一項(xiàng)重大成就。它集機(jī)械工程、CAD、逆向工程技術(shù)、分層制造技術(shù)、數(shù)控技術(shù)、材料科學(xué)、激光技術(shù)于一體。它可以自動(dòng)、直接、快速、準(zhǔn)確地將設(shè)計(jì)思想轉(zhuǎn)化為具有一定功能的原型或直接制造零件，從而為零件的原型制作和新設(shè)計(jì)思想的驗(yàn)證提供一種、低成本的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。

Rapid prototyping technology, also known as rapid prototyping technology, was born in the late 1980s and has been considered as a major achievement in the manufacturing field for many years. It integrates mechanical engineering, CAD, reverse engineering technology, layered manufacturing technology, numerical control technology, material science and laser technology. It can automatically, directly, quickly and accurately transform the design idea into a prototype with certain functions or directly manufacture parts, so as to provide an efficient and low-cost implementation method for the prototyping of parts and the verification of new design ideas.

根據(jù)成型原理和成型材料的不同，目前設(shè)計(jì)制造過(guò)程中使用的山東快速成型工藝可分為以下四種：

According to the different forming principles and materials, Shandong rapid prototyping process used in the current design and manufacturing process can be divided into the following four types:

1.熔融沉積工藝

1. Melting deposition process

熔融沉積（FDM）工藝是將絲狀熱塑性材料在特定溫度下熔化，使材料保持液態(tài)，并通過(guò)擠出頭以恒定速度擠出。在成型數(shù)據(jù)的控制下，在工作平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行選擇性沉積，沉積后立即冷卻固化。

Melt deposition (FDM) process is to melt the filiform thermoplastic material at a specific temperature to keep the material liquid and extrude it at a constant speed through the extrusion head. Under the control of molding data, selective deposition is carried out on the working platform, and immediately after deposition, it is cooled and solidified.

2.立體光固化工藝

2. Stereoscopic light curing process

立體光固化（SLA）工藝是利用光敏樹(shù)脂的材料特性，即在一定波長(zhǎng)和強(qiáng)度的紫外光束照射下，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)從液態(tài)到固態(tài)的相變。紫外光束的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡由成型數(shù)據(jù)控制，選擇性掃描感光樹(shù)脂表面，實(shí)現(xiàn)逐點(diǎn)固化成型。

Stereolithography (SLA) process uses the material properties of photosensitive resin, that is, under the irradiation of UV light with a certain wavelength and intensity, it can realize the phase transition from liquid to solid. The trajectory of the UV beam is controlled by the molding data, and the photosensitive resin surface is selectively scanned to realize point by point curing molding.

3.3D打印工藝

3.3D printing process

三維打印（3DP）工藝的原理是粉末材料在粘合劑的作用下粘合成型。先在工作臺(tái)上鋪一層粉料，然后用噴嘴將粘合劑分布到需要成型的粉料區(qū)域，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)粉料的粘合成型。

The principle of three-dimensional printing (3DP) process is that powder materials are bonded and formed under the action of adhesives. First lay a layer of powder on the workbench, and then use the nozzle to distribute the adhesive to the powder area that needs to be formed, so as to realize the bonding and forming of powder.

4.選擇性激光燒結(jié)工藝

4. Selective laser sintering process

選擇性激光燒結(jié)（SLS）工藝的原理是粉末材料在激光燒結(jié)下的熔合。先在工作臺(tái)上鋪一層接近熔點(diǎn)的粉狀材料，然后用激光對(duì)這層粉進(jìn)行選擇性掃描。

The principle of selective laser sintering (SLS) process is the fusion of powder materials under laser sintering. First, lay a layer of powdery material close to the melting point on the workbench, and then selectively scan this layer of powder with a laser.

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